Part of the beauty of hydropower lies in its simplicity. Moving water (kinetic energy) spins a turbine or wheel) (mechanical energy of a generator (electrical energy) drives. Archaeologists have evidence of water reservoirs in Jordan, Egypt and elsewhere in the Middle East, 5000 years back to 3000 BC found. One of the first designer, his plans document was Vitruvius (C.70 BC-c.25 BC), a Roman architect and engineer who described below a waterthat electricity could produce. The Romans built many water-wheels, with the most ambitious being the one Barbegal, France, in the 4th Century AD. Fed to a large water main, the water in the town of Arles was a massive Barbegal not with a grain mill, but sixteen water wheels in two parallel rows Connected. The water turned the first pair of wheels, then flowed downhill to the second pair, then down again, and so on until she had passed through and turned all eight propositions after which she ran in a runoff pool at the foot of the hill.
Today, hydroelectric about 15 percent of the electricity produced in the world (about 6 percent of total energy). Instead of water wheels on a moving river or through a pipe to extract most of the hydroelectric energy from the potential energy resulting from the vertical distance the water drops coming (the "head"). The water will also go through a lock or gate, or through closed pipes, the funnel> Water to the turbines, these channels as pressure pipes.
The typical hydroelectric hydroelectric must have four things in order to generate electricity:
Dam - The dam holds back a river, raising the level, and controls the flow through the penstock (s). Dams create reservoirs that are used for recreation, but it is the height difference between the stored water above and below the turbines, that is the potential energy.
Turbines - Waterbehind the dam that gets through the penstocks past the blades of turbines that spin. This converts the kinetic energy into mechanical energy. 2. Turbine. The effect of the power of falling water pressure against the turbine blades that turn the turbine. A water turbine is much like a windmill, with the exception of the energy that is provided by falling water instead of wind. The turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water into mechanical energy.
Generator - The waves ofThe turbines turn a generator, with which the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Line - The electricity is transmitted to substations and transported to consumers through the power lines.
Micro Hydro's hydroelectric plants are big and powerful, but you knew that you can have your own microhydro plant? All you need is a creek or a river with enough water running through them to create the right pressure, and you can create a system that feeds intoTurbines and generators, and in your home or business. How you can use your solar and / or wind system, one can use a system, the network is with battery backup, grid connected or stand-alone design.
Micro Hydro come in two basic varieties: low-head and high head. Head, you will recall, is the difference in elevation between the water and the turbine. The print equivalent. Think of a high-head system as a expiration a waterfall, and a low-head system as a single expirationa fast-moving stream, although this is not always the case.
In a quick online search for microhydro resources, the names "Don Harris" and "Harris Hydraulics" turn up over and over with good reason: Harris is a renowned pioneer in micro hydro. He designs and manufactures turbine and generator systems in a business that it forces a microhydro system of its own. A set of features a Pelton turbine, a high-efficiency tangential impulse turbine with a spoon-shaped blades that capture oneWater.
Impulse turbines energy transfer by Newton's second law of motion, which is paraphrased roughly as "the momentum of an object or force that is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. It works as follows: First, s (the water potential energy of the head) is converted into kinetic energy will form a funnel through a nozzle into a jet. The water jet moves at a certain speed, but when it strikes the spoons / blades of the turbine,it loses speed or acceleration, so that the momentum changed. This change in the dynamics does not mean an effort to change the force that rotates the shaft. The water pressure is doe. Impulse turbines are the most commonly used systems in domestic systems, and those with high heads.
Reaction turbines transferring energy to the third Newton's laws of motion, gives the example as a "force for every action there is a defined is equal but opposite reaction force." The watermoves through the turbine to lose pressure, which they renounce their energy forces. The plants must be either wrapped up (the water pressure or suction are dipped included) or fully by the flowing water. Water wheels are reaction turbines. Most plants are reaction turbines. They are used for systems with low and medium soil.
A typical microhydro system, it requires that a stream, an intake, a penstock, a powerhouse. Although the actualComponents are much more high tech and specialized agencies, you can create a high-head microhydro system, because imagine this as a field or a funnel at the top of a waterfall, a garden hose or a trough running down from the intake, the water from the hose / Trough shooting a turbine (probably Pelton) style, and the turbine turning a generator. A low-head micro hydro system is just as easy. They have a shielded recording (or a mini-dam), and flows into a settling basin or forebay forOoze out of each rainfall, this leads to a short channel that is in a ten-meter draft tube feeds. The water flows through a turbine turns (probably Turgo style). Note that in any case you do not block or redirect stream (for which you need a permit anyway, even if the water on your property, and that is definitely prohibited in your area).
Hydropower Benefits
1. As long as the water exists in sufficient quantity, hydro-stations canCurrent 24 / 7. produce
2. Large hydropower plants can meet the maximum capacity conversion to peak demands simply by controlling the amount of released water.
3. Micro hydro systems produce no harmful substances.
4. Hydropower is a renewable resource.
5. Most countries have access to waterways, which can be used for hydropower.
6. Large dams can be useful for flood protection.
7. Micro hydro systems can provide electricity, without water, withoutImpact on the habitat, and without changing the course of the river or stream. It remains a very small footprint.
8. Large-and mega-dams to create lakes in areas where there were none to be.
Hydropower Disadvantages
1. To create large hydroelectric dams that actually dump huge amounts of methane and CO2 into the atmosphere. When the area is flooded behind the dam, trees and other plant materials that sift up red and covered the ground, where they continue to degrade without oxygen. This produces methane, which is released when the water flows through the turbines.
2. The reservoirs created by large dams and mega-dams destroy local habitats. When the area is flooded, vegetation is under water, and all animals and human life in the region must change or perish.
3. Large hydropower plants are expensive to build.
4. Large hydropower plants can be used only in a limited number of seats with these great> Water supply.
5. Damming rivers and streams changes in natural waterways, the diversion of water from areas that depend on it.
6. Damming rivers changes the quality, quantity and even the temperature of the water that flows downstream. This can have devastating effects on agriculture, and drinkability.
7. You can modify the path of a river to serious disputes between neighbors, from individuals to nations.
8. Moving water can collect over a damto nitrogen, killing fish downstream cause.
9. Constructed many small and medium dams in the past to power in industries such as mills and factories are no longer used and are always unstable. So that they are destroying themselves, instead of eliminating them, can in a controlled manner to severe flooding, including loss of life and property cause.
10. Dams alter the spawning patterns of fish, and often lead to absenteeism entire species from an area.
11. If large amounts of waterbe released to withdraw from a large dam or a mega-dam on the banks of the artificial reservoirs, of course, leave the Wadden Sea and the reduction of area was less and less room for the fish. Sometimes Mother Nature plays a role, as in Lake Powell, created by the Glen Canyon Dam. With reduced flow of the Colorado River, evaporation and seepage back into the ravine banks, Lake Powell loses an average of 860,000 acre feet of water annually consumes about as much water as Los Angelesannually. While it is perhaps one of the most beautiful lakes in the U.S., with its red rock canyon sides, 150 feet below the surface 266 miles lie centuries of archaeological treasures and the canyon itself.
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